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@einen tutes intent ffice.-

IMPROVEMENT HORSE-RAKES.

die 5:11am nfemb tu im this: rttersirtmtnth mating and utilissima "roALL when 1r Mureone,nii/snif` B@ n 'known um I, smears E'. Anm, ofosi-ingo, sn insecurity geliefden, masias et 11u-Misma invented certainnew and useful improvements in Revolving Rakes; and I do hereby declarethat the following is a full and exact description thereof, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of referencemarked thereon.y y

My improvements relate to rakes which slide upon the earth, withtheteeth bearing very nearly ahorizontal position thereto, and adaptedto discharge the 'hay at 'the will of the operator by. a halt`revolution of the revolv'- ing parts. Y'

' It is presumed that one draught animal will he sulicient to draw it,and that but one attendant will be necessary to control it; however, itwill not'be impossible to employ more of either, or more of both, if s'odesired. To enable others skilled in the art to make and use myinvention, I will proceedto describe its construction and operation bythe aid of the drawings and of the` letters of reference marked thereon.

The revolving shaft or rake-head of a field machineY is usually madenine and a half feet in length, containing fourteen teeth. With thisexception, the representation of the rake as here given is supposed tobe perfectly proportionate to the original machine.

The scale upon which the accompanying drawings are made is one-fourth ofan inch to the inch. Similar letters of reference indicate like parts inall the drawings. l 4 Figure4 1, page D, of. the drawings, is aperspective view of the machine, with the parts applied thereto for use.Figure 2 is a central vertical section of the machine, through-thelongitudinal centre oi' the handle E. l Figure 3 is a plan view of aportion of the machine, detached therefrom, usually distinguished as themetallic hanggirdle, and'which 'is employedfupoe thomiddleo'f therevolving shaft, to which to attach the handle E.

Figure 4vis n central vertical and longitudinal section; and I Figure 5,a central horizontal and longitudinal section of a portion of the end ofthe rake-shaft, having the peculiar metallic contrivancesappliedtheretorby which the draw-bars are attached to the ends of the saidshaft.

Figure 6 is a plan view of one of the bearing-bolts, one of which isemployed at each end of the rake-shaft.'

Figure 7A is a plan view of one of the latches employed as a part of thelocking devices. The two latches are alike in every respect.

Figure 8 is a plan view o` the cam-sl1at`t, employed as a medium throughwhich to unlock one of the latches.

Figure 1, page A, is a side elevation of the machine with the partsapplied together for use. The handle is out in two and a part thereofthrown forward, as represented, in order that a larger-sized drawingmight heA represented within the same space.

Figure 2 is a plan view of a portion of the forward end of the handle,and also of the metallic hearing to which the same is attached, with thestrap which attaches the handle to the bearing removed. Figure 3 is avertical section of the handle and of the metallic bearing girdle, andalso of the revolving shaft on the linc P PV in fig. 2.

Figure 4 is a plan view of the machine with the parts applied togetherfor use; except, however, the absence ofthe outer end of thehandle, cutoff in tlg'. 1, and also of a couple of portions of the rake-shaft,taken out to bring the ends in view. I

Figure 5 is a. plan 'view of the outer end of the handle.

Figure 1, page B, is a longitudinal, and

Figure 2, an end elevation.

Figures 3 and 4, an outside plan view of each half; and i Figures 5 and6 au inside plan view of each half of the metallic hearing girdle;except, however, the absence of the two obstructions or stationarystops, heretofore represented within the inner grooveof the saidbearing, which were left out in order that the groove itself might bemore distinctly shown.

Figure 8, a left-hand side view Figure 9, a top view; and

mor 2 Figure 10, an under side view of the forward end of the handle,just before it is attached to the machine.

Figure '11 is a side view; i

Figure 12, a plan view; and

Figure 13 is a central, vertical, and longitudinal section of one of thelatches or acting stops.

Figure 14 is an end view; and

Figure 15 is a plan view of the cam-shaft.

" .Figures 16 and 17 are the same us the two last above, with a smallportion of the two straps hooked thereon,

which connect the ball thereto.

Figure 18 is a longitudinal elevation;

Figure 19 is a plan view; and v Figure 20 is an outside end view of aportion of the end of the revolving shaft, with peculiar metalliccontrivances applied thereto, by which the draw-bars are attached to theends ofthe said rake-shaft.

lFigure 21 is a vertical section on the line 2 2 in iig.' 19; and

Figure '23 is a horizontal section onthe line R R iniig. 18.

Figure 28 is an outside or outer end elevation;

Figure 24 is an inside or inner end elevation;

Figure 25 is a plan view of the disk piece which forms a part of the endirons or peculiar metallic coutrivances by which the draw-bars areattached to the ends of the rake-shaft.

Figure 26 is a longitudinal elevation;

Figure 27 is a plan view;

Figure`28, an outside end view; and

Figure 29, pn inside end view of the bearing bolt, which forms also apart of.the .said end irons or peculiar metallic-contrivances by whichthe draw-bars are attached to the ends of the rake-shaft. v

Figure 30 is a plan view Figure 31, a longitudinal elevation; and

Figure'32 is an end view of a portion of one .end fof the rake-shaft,showing the manner in which the ends of said shaft are bored and nickedor framed, preparatory to the application of the said end irons thereto.

Figures 33 Ato 38, inclusive, indicate the process by which thedraw-bars are attached to the'ends of the revolving shaft by means ofthe said end irons."

'Figures 39 and 40 represent a different manner of applying the runnersto the machine.

Figure- 39 is an outside view or elevation of the runner as applied tothe end of the rake-shaft, with the draw-bar not on; and l Figure 40 isan inside elevation or view of the same, with a transverse section oftherake-shaft on the line n n, iig. 7, page C, of the drawings.

Figure 1, page C, is a side eievation; and

Figure '2 is a plan view of aportion of the machine, having upon it therunners represented' .on pages A and D. f

Figure 3 is a side elevation; andA Figure 4 is a plan view of a portionofthe machine, having upon it a third way ormanner of applying therunners to the machine. 1 1

Figure 5 is a rear view of one of the runners represented in figs. 3 and4.

Figure 6 is a cross-section on the line o v in fig. 4.

Figure 7is a plan view ofthe runner represented in figs. 39 and 40.4

A. is the revolving shaft, with the teeth a a xed therein. The bearingsF F at the ends of are carried in draw-bars B B, which draw-bars B B areprovided at their forward ends yvithrhooks, b b, from which to extendl acouple of trace-chains to meet the ends of the tugs. The said draw-barsare attached to the ends of the shaft A by ymeans ofthe bearing-bolt F,disk C, and small bolt F', as follows: The ends of the shaft A arepreviouslyl prepared as represented in l'igs. 30, 3.1, and 32, page B.The said bolt F is then put through a holevin the rear end of thedraw-bar, as in tig. 33, and the teuon partf introducedjnto or throughthe rectangular-,notches c c of thehole C of the disk C, iig. 34. Thesaid bolt' is then shoved in through the hole C of the disk C up to thesho'ulder thereon,f, as inl fig. 35, and turned a short distance aroundtobring the tenon partf to lie within the same plane as that in whichthe tenen parts c c of the disk Care situated, fig. 36, when'the threetenons, c e

gndf, thus adjusted, are introduced into the incision in the end of theshaft as in iig. 37, and the wholedriven4 "invoronby-tli'e-ns'ebi'iiinallet uponthe head of the bearing-bolt F, and every part stronglysecured by inserting the bolt F' through the shaft A, and through theinner end or tenon'part of the said bearing-bolt F, as represented iniig. 38. It will be observed that the small bolt F', through the innerend of the bearing-bolt F holds them all on. The solid disk-head ofthebolt F holds on the draw-bar, andthe shoulder f of the bearing-bolt Fholds the disk-piece on, and the bolt F' through the shaft A and throughthe inner end of the bearing-bolt F, holds that on. The hole in the endof the shaft A, through which the bolt F' is inserted, is bored at sucha distance from the very en'd thereof that the parts F and C are drawnsnugly and tightly on, thus forming an exceedingly solid and durableadjustment to each other of the parts described. The draw-bars -B B,having the smooth, circular faces of the disks-C C to bear or rubagainst, renders a cross-rail between their forward ends unnecessary. Onwhich account, also, the dra w Vhars do not have to be so long; andthere now being no cross-rail in front of the rake, the hay is free togather into and to pile up upon the rake as it will. vThe lugs or lappieces 7c kform strong braces to the tenons c c of the disk C, while thesaid tenons c c' in turn form strong braces to the'said lapppieces k 7c,which lap pieces k k prevent the ends of the shaft A from splitting inone directioznwhile the small bolt F prevents the ends of the said shaftfrom splitting in the other or opposite directionv The depth of thecircular flange represented upon the inside of thefdisl'. C isdiminished to u certain extent, and an extra daags-not represented,except in tig. 40,

' A page B. of the drawings, but which will he readily understood bymechanics-a half yinch deep, or nearly that, is -now cast upon the innerside of the said disleto fit precisely the exterior of the shaft A, andwhich anges extendfrom the edges of ono ofthe lop pieces 7c overandwnder the shaft A to the edges of the other lap piece M Ale, andwhich flanges prevent the said 4disk fronrso great it liability ofbreaking in two, or of cracking through Y the middle thereof in avertical direction, hide the junction ofythc ends of `A with the innersurface of -the disk C, arean additional h elp to prevent any' checkingor splitting' of the ends of the said shaft, and a help, also, to theformationof d more durable connection between the parts A andCvdescribed. It will be'seen, also, that the disk C maires a-morosolidadjustment'of the bearing-bolt F to.` the ends of; A. The said. bolt`Fpassing i through the hole C of the metallic disk C, andthe said diskhaving a flange upon its inner surface that encir cles and embraces andprecisely lits the exterior of-the shaft A, the djustment of the saidbearing-bolt to the .ende of A is of n.' very solid and durablecharacter. y The said disk pieces thus formexcellent caps to the ends ofA, and the exterior thereof being smooth and circular, mrd of somewhatlargcr'diamete'r than the ends of the rakehead can be, lthey formbetter'cndings to the ends, of A, and better faces for' the saiddraw-bars to bear or rub against, whetheru cross-rail is used betweentheir-outer ends or not. Tb'c'duplicate pairs oirunnersT T upon theupper and under sides of theshaft A, tige. 1. and 3, page A, figs. 1 und2, page C, and figs. 1 and 2, page D, of the drawings, are shod withstrap or band iron, and are applied to the machine with screws. They areusually "fixed, in a eld machine, uponthe third tooth from the end. Itwould be ditlicult to apply a wooden runner to 'the rake except in themanner represented. But the runner proper, in point of fact, is onlythat part which 'extends backward from thc'back part of the rake-headA.V That part which extends forward of the shaft A,

along upon the under 4s ide of the tooth, and also that part whichexistsimmcdiatcly beneath the said shaft, forms only a* part of themeans, e., in'conjunct'nn w'ith the screws aforesaid, -by whiehto securehe runner to` the machine, and is not wanted to come in contnct with theground. -v The chock T', lig. 1, page C, secures the runner more firmlyvto the'rake-head, and strengthensand braces the said runner at what wasformerly its weakest point.- The said checks or braces T "fare formed asrepresented, made of cast iron, and are fixed to the said -runner bymeans of'a single screw, as 'also.represented The runners 'representedin figs. 39 and 40, 'page B,`and iig. 7, page C, are of iron, and arecast to the disli piece C, hereinbcforo described, both forming a singlepiece in casting. The same means, therefore, which secure the dislgpiecC to the ends of the rake-head A secure also the runners to` the machineor rake-head; and whenthe described end irons become i'xed to the endsof the said shaft, A," the said runners also become attached to themachine. This form er style of thc'runner is the least expensive, andvery much the most etlicientin' its operation of-'any that have hithertobeen devised by me. The runners represented in figs. 3, 4, 5, and-.6,page C, are also wholly of iron, and are applied to the mnchinelby meansof a sinfgle holt to two runners and a couple of screws euch, asrepresented. These runners "are thenext least exponsiveg'nnd thenextmost e'iciont in their operation-of any that I have yet devised. One

very favorable feature in the last two mentioned styles of runners is,that it is not possible for them ever to come in contact with the groundforward otthc rake-head, which didicultyvwith the wooden runnershereinbefore described sometimes causes the rake, or at leastwould'permit the rake to rock backward, when the attendant is for-thetime beingcompelled'to hold up the outer end of the handle by hand.These wooden runners, shod wit-h band iron and applied to the machine asdescribed, are a little the most expensive, and' are not quite soVellieient intheir operation, but are alittle the most durable, the leastlikely to get broken or out of repair, perhaps, of either of the Vthreeforms described. It will be noticed thntV only one end of the runnerherein described is attached `to the machine, which end is the forwandend, the hind end-,being free. It will also be noticed that the saidforward end of the runner is attached to the rear part of the rake-head;and also, that the said'runncr moves in contact with the ground behindthe rakehezid only. Ordinary runners have both ends attached to themachine, and slide in contact with the ground only in front of undbeneaththe rake-head. The metallic bearing 4girdle D-is made'n twohalves, and fixed upon the middle of the shaftAby means of lugs d d cl dand bolts d d', as represented, and which metallicbeaing girdle, D, haswithin its cylindrical exterior two rectanguiar grooves, one cut within'the other. The broad and outer one forms the cylindrical bearing orbearin gs D D.

f The inner or narrow groove H makes room for the locking devices toplay in, figs. 2 and 3, page A, and iigs.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6; page B. Within the narrow groove H are twoobstructions, U and V, onesituated opposite the other, radially to theaxis of the shaft A, which obstructions, U and Y, till just half thedepth of the groove, and extend far enough each way within the groove tohave an irremovable position; and which two obstructions, U and V, areeach provided with two radial or perpcndicular'fa'ces, W, Y, X, and Z;one face of each obstruction, W X, facing forward, and one face of eachobstruction, YZ, facing backward within the said groove H; and whichfaces, W, X, Y, and Z of said obstructions U and Vstand radially, ornearly so, to the axis of the shaft A, as represented. The handle' Eis', by means of the strap G and bolts Gl and G2, att-ached to or fittedupon the cylindrical bear-ing D in su'eh n manner as to allow the saidbearing, with the partsupon which it is Ylined, to revolve freely exceptwhen it is' prevented by other` means. The radial or perpendicular facesW, X,

Y, and Z, described, are adopted to mcetsuitable stops, I und J, thefaces W X adapted to meet the stop I, and the faces Y Z adapted tomeetthe stop J, in n manner which will now be described. The stop J issituated within the upper part or edge of the handle E,vlying within anarrow excavation of sufficient dimensions to receive inland immediatelybeneath the upper tangent of the strap G. The stop I is similarlysituated within the lower part or edge of the handle E, immediatelybeneath the lower tangent of the strap G, figs. 2 and 3, page A. 'Thebolt Glpasscs through the tangents of the strap G, through the slots Sof the lat-ches or stops I and J in the immediate rear of the bearingsin the central part of the said latches, und through the wood of thehandle E, as represented. The iron pins gf are inserted through theslots S lof the latches I and J in front of the hearings L, and into thehandle E, as represented, to prevent the said latches from slidingforward. The

stops I and J move only in avertical plane radially to the axis of.their respective bearings L, which bearings turn in their respectiveconfines, formed by the bolt Grl passing through behind them, the littleiron pin g set in front vof them,- with tho wood of the handle E beneaththem', and the tangcnts ofthe strap G above them. The diameter of thesaid bearings L being somewhat greater than the thickness of any of theother parts ef thc said latches, the said latches do not therefore comoin Contact with any part ofthe interior of its enclosures except attheir respective bearings, L, and at theirf front ends, where the upperor outer sur face of the forward end of the latch comes against theinterior surface of the strap G, when they are unlocked, and the undersides of the forward end of the said latches come against the bottom ofthc groove H, when they are locked. rlhe central bearings `L L of thestops I and J are held constantly in contact with the interior surfacesof the tangcnts of the strap G by means of the coiled'spring K, whichcoiled spring, AK, is

inserted through a hole, K, in the wood ofthe handle E, and extendedbetween the rear ends of the said latches i I and J, as represented,(figs. 9 and 10, page B, and iig. 2, page D,) which contact of thebearings L Lwith thc tangents of the strap G form the fulerumvor bearingpoints over which the spring K is to transmit motion to the forward endsof thc stops I :und J in a manner which will he obvious. The spring K;however, does only one-half ofthe work necessary to causo the stopsI andJ to perform Vtheir oilicc. The spring K causes ths-aid4` latches toloclc themselves, but not to unlock. The front ends of the latches-I andJ are by the Vtension `of the spring K between their'rear ends heldconstantly towards the bottom of the groove or channel H, except whenthey are thrown outward by other means now to be described. There aretwo means by which the stop J may be raised outward from the bottom ofth'c groove H, and consequently out of contact with either of the tworadial or perpendicular faces Y and Z, which are these: first, theforward cud of the stop J is raised outward from the bottom of thcgroove or channel H by one or either of the-two obstructions U Vpassingunder andcrowding it outward, and which occurs at each half revolutionof the rake, andwhen thc said obstructions U or V shall have passedfromrbeneath the end of the said latch or stop, the end of the said stopthen by the tension of the spring K drops down behindthe same; Isecond,the stop J may be thrown o ut of contact with either of the two radialor perpendicular faces Y and Z by inserting a small round punch or pin,of wood or iron, through thc hole g in the upper tangent ofthe strap G,and pressing inward upon the rear end-ofA the said stop in amanner whichwill bc obvious. There are also two means by which the stop I may bethrown out of contact with the radial or perpendicular faces W and X,against which it operates. The first is the same as that which wasdescribed in the iirst place for the stop J, except'lthat the rotationof the rake must be in the opposite direction. -The second may bedescribed as follows: The cam-shaft N is inserted through the handle Efromone side to the other, crossing on or near the upper surface of thestop I, andV in the immediate rear of the peripheries of the iian'ges land 2 of the bearing D. Upon the middle of the said shaft N is projectedthc cam N', and upon each end thereof is a flat hook, n n, to which areattached the two iron `straps m m, between the rear endsof which isfixed the ball M, which ball, M, is. connected again to the under sideof the handle E by means of the chain M',

i all as represented. l Now, therefore, when by thovhandle E the rake israised, in ordertohave the' rotating'parts perform a half revolution,the ball M falls to a certain distance, limited by the chain M', whichturns the shaft N suieiently' to have the cam N throw the stop or latchI entirely out of contact withA the faces-W X, in a manner which will beobvious. It will new be seen that vwhen both of the latchcs'or stops Iland J, by the tension of the spring K, press upon the bottom of thenarrow groove H, the rotation of the rake causes the radial orperpendicular face W to be brought into contact with the end of thelatch I, which stops the revolution; and the forward end of the latch Jat the same instant, by theaction of the .spring K, drops down or inbehind thc radial or perpendicular face Yon the opposite obstruct-ion U.The revolving parts are by this means rigidly confined, without libertyto'turn in either direction within the handle E, so long as theA parts Iand J remain in such position. The machine is used while the perativeparts are thus adjusted, and drawn along, accumulating the hay, untilwhen. the attendant wishes to discharge the load by` a half revolutionof the revolving parts. At this juncture he elevates the outer end ofthe handle E, and as the rake is' being thus elevated uponthe points ofthe forward series of teeth the ball M falls a-certain distance, limitedonly 'oy the chain M', which fallingofr the ball M, through the mediumof its straps, m m, turns the shaft N suiliciently to have the cam Nthrow the stop I entirely out of contact with the radial orperpendicular -face W, which allows the outer end of the handle E' to belowered to its usual position again, the draught of the hors'e-t causethe revolving parts' to perform ahalf revolution, and to leave the hayat the point desired. During the latter part of this half revolution theweight or ball M comes in contact with'the ground again, which therebyraises the ball again, relatively at least to the descent of the restpart ofthe machine, andwhichthercby turns Athe cam N off from the stopI, as represented, fig. 3, page A, whence the stop I, under theinfluence of the spring K, presses againnpon thebottom of the narrowgroove or channel H, and, as the rake rotates, travels round to meet thenext face X, 'while at'the same time the stop J is by the approach ofthe opposite obstruction V pushed or crowded up without o'emng any vconsiderable resistance. But at the same' instantthat the stop I'meetsthe radial or perpendiculr fw@ W X and causes the revolutiontostop, the stop J falls into contactwith one 'of the correspondingreverscdfaees Y Z, and guards thus against any retrograde movements' orturning of the parts in the wrong direction.

Some of the advantages due to certain features of this invention may beenumerated as follows: First. By reason of the employment of the ballor' weight M, the locking devices existing between the handle E andrevolvingl shaft A relatively to the forward rotations of the rake areperfectly-automatic 1n their operation. It will be observed again thatwhen the outer end of the handle E is raised to makeV the rakerevolve,

the falling (at least relatively to the ascent of the rest part of themachine) of the ball M unlocks the lower latch, which thereby allows theouter end of the said handleto be lowered toits usual position again,the

rake to perform a half revolution, and to discharge the hay at the pointdesired. If the attendant were to let' go the handle for a time, andduring that time the points of the forward series of teeth should catchhold of become locked-to the other side of th some inequality oi' theground, the said handle would rise with the ruhe until tho said ball hadfallen farenough to unlock 'the lower latch, when the said handle wouldfall, and when the said rnkehad rotated fai-enough would e innchine. Thesaid handle would not go over with the rake, neither would it fall tothe ground; it would onl'y fall for enough to lock itself. to the otherside ot' the machine. But supposo the attendant, when thejponts oi'thelorward seriesxof teeth had caught hold of the said inequality oftheground, instead of taking his hand olif, were topress down upon theouter end of the said handle, the said-lock or lower latch would notthen become unlocked; said latch would b e held too stronglyin contactwith .the stop in thegroove-for the weight of the ball M to unlock it,and the said ball could only descendifar enough -for the point-of thecom N" to rest upon the middle ol' the latch, which latter would besuspended from the bearings L thereof to the face of the stop in thegroove. But so soon as the outer end ot' the handle is relieved"l frompressure, the lower latch becomes unlocked, when the outer end of thesaid handle may be lowered to its usual i position again, the rakeallowed to perform a half revolution, and to discharge the load ut thepoint described.

It will now be seen, that, if the attendant deires, he can bear downupon the outer end ot' the handle to prevent the rakcirom going over,and can retain his pressure thereon to any point in its elevationwiththe same facility and with the same eect as that he could if the bull Mand the camlshuft N N were for the time being entirely removed. y Still,se s oon n s the` outer` end of the handle E is relieved from thepressure ofl the attendant, the said whall unlocks the lower latchwithceilui'nty'aii'd'pr'mptriess in jthe'n'ianner describedvzItisbutseldom, however,

that the .outer end of the said handle ever gets the advantage ot' theattendu-nt so fur, under the circumstances' described, as to rise withhis weight or pressure upon it to such a distance as that if he were tolet go of the handle the falling of' the` said ball would unlockthc'lock. '.lhc handle to take hold oi' being lower, and vbeing situatedby the side of the attendant, directly .beneath his fore-arm and hand,within convenient reach of the latter when his arm hangs down, themachincis more perfectly controllable than it is where the attendant hasto walk behind u round suspended between the outer. ends ofthe twohandles, and control 'the machine at a. sort of half arms-length, as ipthe old commonly used revolving rkes. 'The new machine is perfectlycontrollable in every respect. The attendant, with the lines from thedraught animal thrown over his shoulders, seizes holdof the left hundend of the handle to'takc hold of, in the outer end of E with his righthand, and travelling along behind the rake, is able to control themachine with facility while it is being drawn lalong to accumulate thehay, and to revolve it at each crossing of the windrow,Y and cause thesame to commence the accumulation of the hay again, immediately uponitsdescent from the windrow to the ground, with precision, deliberation,and ease.

Second. The locking, devices, and all the parts connected therewith,b'eing concealed within the handle, or,v

rather, within the parts E, D, and Gr, there is no liability of the haymakingnny interference therewith, nor any danger of the said partsgetting 'broken from things'accidentally coming in contact therewithwhile being handled around.

, Third. Another, very favorable feature about, the locking parts is,that the strain incident to their use is with most others; that is tosay, the said strain is transmitted through the longitudinal centre ofthe latches I and J themselves, through the snme of the tangcnts of thestrap G, and throughthe longitudinal centre also of the handle. It isobvious from this that the parts described are very strong and verydurable.

Fourth. Another very'favorable feature in the construction of themachine is the simplicity of the castings. From digging them out of thesand till they are'bolted upon the machine a hole does not'lhave to bedrilled nor .a threadhcut. The turning of the bearing D', to which thehandle is attached, isthconly lathe work about, and which is a smallthough very important item. j

Fifth. By reason of the application, or use of the peculiarmctalliccontrivanccs by which the draw-bars BB are attached to the ends of A,the' blacksmithing is ob'viat'ed formerly required in-theniaking ot'hands to go round the ends of the said shaft, and also the getting looseof the'snme after having been .put on, and the resettingor tighteningthereof; second, the hlaeksmithing is obviated formerly required in themaking of the bolts F, and the cutting of threads thereon or thepunching of holes therein, as a mea-ns by which to secure the same tothe shaft; third, a solid and durable metallic bearing is had to whichto attach the drawbar; fourth, the said'bearings being of metal, thereis no danger of the shrinking and swelling thereoffrendering any part ofthe machine inoperative; lifth, the said draw-bars have in the dish Csmoother andlargcr circular faces to `hear or rub against than formerly,when only the circular ends of the rake-head were used for that purpose;sixth, no danger of the bolt F getting loose; seventh, the disk pieces Cform excellent caps to the end pieces A, and are therefoi'ea greatprotectin to the same against checking or splitting, or of otherwisebecoming wasted or transmitted only through the longitudinal centre ofthe said parts instead of crosswise thereof, as is the'case worn out;eighth, the said parts are less liable to get out,ol` repair, as awhole, than the means heretofore v v employed to attach the saiddraw-bars to the ends of A; ninth, ease with which they can be takenapart and put together ageing' Sixtln The runners T T are employedchiely for the purposevof carrying the shaft A at a suitable distancefrom thc ground; to sustain the outer end of the handle E at a `positionin which it was formerly carried by the attendant, und to present theteeth in a goed and favorable position to the ground. The heels of thesaid runners form also favorable fulcro over 'which to raise and lowerthefront part of the rake over inequalities of the earth. And when thesaid runnersare appliedrto -the third tooth from the end, they helpsomewhat in preventing the hay from sliding clon-r over and falling uponthe ground behind the rake.

The outer groove tothe bearing D, which the strap G and the cencaved endof the handle E slide round in,

' may be turned of such a width as to lit precisely the widthandthickness of the said strap, and the said strap thus made to titprecisely the width and depth of' thel said groove,'the edges 'of' thesaid strop G irst being straightened 'in a.' metallic planer. nd whenthe concuved end of the handle E is made also t0 precisely fit the saidgroove, the desired rigidity and firmness will' then be imparted to theside motions of the outer end of the said handle.

Andlwhen the latches I and J' are of such-lengthl as to maire it`necessary to thrust or bear downwardthe outer v endof the' said handlewith somel considerable force to make the latch J drop into contact withthe upper stop Vin the groove H-the latch I in the same event or actcoming alittle the first into contact with the lower stop in the. saidgroove-the locking of the said lock or loekswill then imparLthe desiredrigidity and firmness ,to the vertical motions 'of the outer end of thesaid handle. It will he seen, therefore, that the outer end of the saidhandle is made irm and rigid with relation te all the differentdirections in which the attendantsforce may he brought against it.

I secure the chain MI to the handle .E by dropping one ond thereof intoa hole made in'the under side of the said handle and inserting a smalliron pin through vthe end link, and through the handle El from onesideto the other and heading up the ends thereof a little to keep it in. Thelower end of the said chain is secured vin a similar m'anner to the ballM, the sido straps m m keeping the said iron pin from coming out andhidingthe ends of the holes through which the s am is inserted. Thesaid'chain may he kept from kinking by drawing a tight sleeve upon itand securing the ends thereof to the linlis of the chain. Thin plates ofiron, wrought or cast, may be embedded in and screwed to the sides ofthe forward en d of the handle E, having concaved edges to tit preciselythe bearing D', and smoothly ground sides upon which to take thefrictionheretofqrpu-gxjgtingpgtmegp. the flanges 1'and-2 undthallnndle,,iavhich-f-siloplatjes xrlletl'ienA 'prevent the said an'ges fromwearing away the wood of E, and also the cam-shaft N from getting loose,as heretofore. Screws may be inserted through the bottom of the narrowgroove H and into the shaft A, 'to assist in -iixing the metallicbearing girdle D more firmly to the said shaft. Calks or nibs half aninch decp,.with a lively taper, may be cast ponthe inside of the outerendsl of'the lugs d d d d, which will also assist in giving greaterfixedncss and rigidity to the said metallic bearing girdle D whenapplied to the said shaft.V i

Itwillbe observed that the reversed faces W Y and X Z are situatedwithin the same cylindrical and verticalplanes, and are so arrangedrelatively to cach other, and to the pawls I and J, as that the'saidpaw] I, or its equivalent, may have the 'whole of .the time occupiedbythe rake tomak-e 'ahalf revolution to fallinw contact with the nextperpendicular face, and in s ucha manner, also, as that the said pawl J,or'its equivalent, is possessed ofthe same when the rake performs a halfrevolution in the opposite direction. Audit will beseen, also, at thesame time, that the said pawls I and J 'are so arranged relatively toea'eh other, and to the above-described faces W, X, Y, and Z, as thatthe said pawl I may be unlocked, to allow the rake to rotate forward,Vwhile the said pawl J/ is locked to 'prevent therake fromirotatingbackward, .and as that the said pawl J may'be unlocked to allow the raketo revolve backward; while the said pawl I is locked .to prevent therake vfrom rotating forward;

and also, as that both of the said pawls may be unlocked at the sametime, or that theymay both be locked at the same time. It being soseldom required to unlockthe 'paw'l J 'to allow the rake to rotatebackward, or the handle to be carried forward about the axis of A that amore convenient means for the operating of this bolt at such times thanthe one provided is not'thought lto be necessary.

I am aware that the use of wooden runners in connection with 4revolvingrakes is not new, but I am'not aware that a wooden runner has everbefore beenemployed in which the following ten characteristics arecombined: jl

First. .Its only contact with the ground is behind the rake-head Aj or,in other words, behind a preponderance in the weight of the machine. l l

- Secondz The rear end of the said runner is detachcdvfrom the'inachine.

' Third. It is applied to the rake-head -directly beneath one of theteeth of therake, and in such a manner as that it shall occupy the samevertical plane as that in which the said tooth is situated.

Fourth. The runner lies in contact with the tooth to'which it is iiiredfrom the forward point of the former back to the front side of therake-head.

Fifth. Said runner is'shod with band iron. Sixth. A chockor brace, T',is employedin combination therewitlnb'y which means the rear end of thesaid runner is braccddownward, and lthus strengthened andmade secureagainst being broken of; and by which means, also, the part of therake-head A which `lies beneaththe tooth a is grasped, received, orembraced within the said runner; or, in other words, within the recessthereof formed vby th'e said chock or brace T',

lying in contact'wth the rear side of the rake-head; the'urunneritself,or a r portion thereof, lying in contact with the under side ofthe saidrake-head, and the wooden shoulders of v the said runner lying inlcontact with the front side of the said rake-head. The said runnerisVby this means very strongly and securely applied to the machine.

Seventh. It is a perfectly rigid andinexible runner. y Eighth. It is not`an adjustable runner, but, on the 'contr-ary, itis; a perfectly rigidand inadjustable runner. 4 Ninth. The said runne'r is employedincombination with-a revolving rake, A- a a.

Tenth. It rotates with the rake; it forrnsa part of the revolving parts;it turns or revolves about the armsv of A -when the rake -revolves,vthesame as do the rest part o` f the revolving parts. i

Having no w described Amy improvements, what I claim' as my invention,and desire to'sccureby Letters Patent`,is- I U 1. I claim the formationof a groove or channel H, cut withih and around the cylindrical partofthe bearing D, when employed substantially as and for'thc -purposehereinset forth. i v

2. I claim situating the radial or perpendicular` facesW, X, Y, Z withinthe joint. rim or parts E, D, G,

substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

3. I claimputting the stops I and J beneath the tangents of thestrap G;or, in other words, concealing i the sauie within the' handleE,suhstantially as and for the purpose herein'set forth.

4. I claim the employment of duplicate ponle, I and J, when adapted tooperate relatively to one or more pairs of reversed faces, W Y,substantially es and for the purpose herein set forth.

5. I claim the employment of a. spring, K, inserted through n. hole inthe handle I3, and adopted to serve in combination with the duplicatepnwls I und J, substnntinlly as und for the purpose herein set forth.

6. I claim the employmeritof u cemsheft,.N, having :t cern, N', thereon,nnd hook, n, upon each end thereof, edaptedito operate incombination/with the locking devices of' n single-handled revolvingrake, A. a d E, substantially as andfor'the purpose herein set forth. p

'l'. I claim the employment of a. bull or weight, M, adapted to slide orto be dragged upon the earth behind the rake-heed A, end to serve incombination irith the locking devices oFn revolving rake, A a a,substantially as und forV the purpose herein set forth. v

8. I claim the application of the disk picccs'CI 'Cto the ends ofthe'shaft A, when constructed and employed substantially as und for thepurpose herein set forth. 4

9. I claim the use of the hearing-bolts F-F, when constructed undemployed substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth. i i 10.I claim in rovolvingirukes A a a the use of one or more checks orbraces, TIT, when ernplpyed to brace the runner in the rear of therake-head, substantially ns und for the purpose heroin set forth.

11. I claim the Wooden runners T T, provided with braces in the rear ofthe relie-heed, in combination with n evolving reke A a afin such mannerthat the only point of contact of seid runners with the ground shell bein rear of the rake-heed, substantially es und for the purpose hereinset forth.

12. I claim in combination with e. single-handled revolving rnke,-A a aE, when its locking devices do not depend upon the teeth forrcsistunces, except uniformly upon the whole through the medium of theshaft A, the employment of two pairs of reversed faces, W Y and X Z,when arranged relative to each other and to puwls I and J, or theirequivalents, substantially as und for thc purpose herein sot forth.

13. I claim the use of s. check chain or connection, M,`when employedsubstantially as :rnd for the purpose herein set forth.

SYLVESTER EAMENT.

Witnesses:

JOHN BARDWELL,`

E. H. C. Gnrrrnn.'

